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Schemes set of common electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, including partial blocks and flutter

Schemes set of common electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, including partial blocks and flutter

Chromosome abnormalities. Visualization of common chromosomal mutation or disorder. Numerical or structural abnormalities where is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA.

Chromosome abnormalities. Visualization of common chromosomal mutation or disorder. Numerical or structural abnormalities where is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA.

Respiratory epithelium. Human respiratory tract tissue with specific cells: ciliated, goblet, brush and basal cells. Smooth muscle cells innervated by dendritic cells and cartilage. Lungs histology.

Respiratory epithelium. Human respiratory tract tissue with specific cells: ciliated, goblet, brush and basal cells. Smooth muscle cells innervated by dendritic cells and cartilage. Lungs histology.

Main stages of biofilm formation. Microorganisms (bacteria) attach to surfaces and form a biofilm. Four stages of formation: adhesion, formation, maturation, release.

Main stages of biofilm formation. Microorganisms (bacteria) attach to surfaces and form a biofilm. Four stages of formation: adhesion, formation, maturation, release.

Types of intercellular junctions. Gap junction (pore and connexon), desmosome (filaments, glycoprotein, plaque) and tight junction. Connections between cells for stress resistance and communication.

Types of intercellular junctions. Gap junction (pore and connexon), desmosome (filaments, glycoprotein, plaque) and tight junction. Connections between cells for stress resistance and communication.

Common functions of membrane proteins. Receptor, enzyme, gated ion channel, cell-identity marker and cell-adhesion molecule. Chemical messenger breakdown and ions transportation.

Common functions of membrane proteins. Receptor, enzyme, gated ion channel, cell-identity marker and cell-adhesion molecule. Chemical messenger breakdown and ions transportation.

Lytic cycle. A cycle of viral reproduction via bacterial cell with its stages: attachment, penetration, transcription, biosynthesis, maturation, and lysis.

Lytic cycle. A cycle of viral reproduction via bacterial cell with its stages: attachment, penetration, transcription, biosynthesis, maturation, and lysis.

Biofilm formation. Process of biofilm formation with mechanics of its development and growth. Stages include first contact, strong adhesion, formation of monolayer, colonies and dispertion.

Biofilm formation. Process of biofilm formation with mechanics of its development and growth. Stages include first contact, strong adhesion, formation of monolayer, colonies and dispertion.

Synapse. Visualization of synapse structure while passing an electrical or chemical signal (nervous impulses) to another neuron, including mitochondria, synapse vesicle, and ion channels.

Synapse. Visualization of synapse structure while passing an electrical or chemical signal (nervous impulses) to another neuron, including mitochondria, synapse vesicle, and ion channels.

Demyelination process. Protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerve fibers is damaged due to demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, transverse myelitis.

Demyelination process. Protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerve fibers is damaged due to demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, transverse myelitis.

Neuromuscular junction. A synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle. Presynaptic (nerve terminal), postsynaptic part, synaptic cleft.

Neuromuscular junction. A synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle. Presynaptic (nerve terminal), postsynaptic part, synaptic cleft.

Functions of membrane proteins. Functions of protein visualization include transport, channels, receptors, and enzymes placed on cell membrane.

Functions of membrane proteins. Functions of protein visualization include transport, channels, receptors, and enzymes placed on cell membrane.

Lysogenic cycle. The viral reproduction cycle is characterized by integrating the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome or forming a circular replicon in the bacterial cytoplasm

Lysogenic cycle. The viral reproduction cycle is characterized by integrating the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome or forming a circular replicon in the bacterial cytoplasm

Chemical signaling. Common forms of chemical signaling between cells, including autocrine, gap junctions, paracrine and endocrine forms.

Chemical signaling. Common forms of chemical signaling between cells, including autocrine, gap junctions, paracrine and endocrine forms.

Glial cells (neuroglia). Six types of gliocytes in the central and the peripheral nervous system: oligodendrocyte, astrocyte, ependymal cell, microglia, Schwann and satellite cell.

Glial cells (neuroglia). Six types of gliocytes in the central and the peripheral nervous system: oligodendrocyte, astrocyte, ependymal cell, microglia, Schwann and satellite cell.

Five main types of viruses cause hepatitis: hepatitisviruses A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D, (HDV) and E (HEV)

Five main types of viruses cause hepatitis: hepatitisviruses A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D, (HDV) and E (HEV)

Biofilm structure. Structure is composed active (both resistant and tolerant) and viable but not culturable cells persisters as well polysaccharides, extracellular DNA and proteins.

Biofilm structure. Structure is composed active (both resistant and tolerant) and viable but not culturable cells persisters as well polysaccharides, extracellular DNA and proteins.

Mast cell: synthesis. Due to antigen activation, mast cells produce prostaglandins, leukotrienes, histamine, and cytokines. Visualization of mast cell products during an allergic reaction.

Mast cell: synthesis. Due to antigen activation, mast cells produce prostaglandins, leukotrienes, histamine, and cytokines. Visualization of mast cell products during an allergic reaction.

Chlamydia developmental cycle. The elementary body attaches to a host cell and differentiates into a reticulate body, which is released. Life cycle of chlamydia.

Chlamydia developmental cycle. The elementary body attaches to a host cell and differentiates into a reticulate body, which is released. Life cycle of chlamydia.

Ultra low-density lipoproteins (ULDL) visualization includes triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins.

Ultra low-density lipoproteins (ULDL) visualization includes triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins.

Type 1 diabetes (juvenile diabetes). Diabetes mellitus type 1 originates when pancreatic beta cells are destroyed. Destructed β-cells in pancreas by the immune system and healthy pancreatic tissue.

Type 1 diabetes (juvenile diabetes). Diabetes mellitus type 1 originates when pancreatic beta cells are destroyed. Destructed β-cells in pancreas by the immune system and healthy pancreatic tissue.

Biofilm: therapeutic strategies. Biofilm treatment: physical disruption (enzymes), quorum sensing damage, metabolic cooperation damage, magnetic and functionalized nanoparticles, bacteriophage

Biofilm: therapeutic strategies. Biofilm treatment: physical disruption (enzymes), quorum sensing damage, metabolic cooperation damage, magnetic and functionalized nanoparticles, bacteriophage

Mechanisms of antifungal drugs. Antimycotic medications and targeted fungi organelles: polyenes, azoles, allylamines, echinocandins and triterpenoids. Flucytosine interacts with DNA biosynthesis.

Mechanisms of antifungal drugs. Antimycotic medications and targeted fungi organelles: polyenes, azoles, allylamines, echinocandins and triterpenoids. Flucytosine interacts with DNA biosynthesis.

RNA translation into protein. Stages of protein (polypeptide) synthesis: initiation, elongation, termination. Ribosome moves along mRNA, sequence of amino acids becomes longer and is released.

RNA translation into protein. Stages of protein (polypeptide) synthesis: initiation, elongation, termination. Ribosome moves along mRNA, sequence of amino acids becomes longer and is released.

Clonal selection of B cells. Primary B cell immune response with production of antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells. Secondary responses with production of more plasma and memory B cells

Clonal selection of B cells. Primary B cell immune response with production of antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells. Secondary responses with production of more plasma and memory B cells

Neurodegeneration. Degeneration of a nerve cell, occurs because of multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple system atrophy, and prion diseases.

Neurodegeneration. Degeneration of a nerve cell, occurs because of multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple system atrophy, and prion diseases.

Detailed process of phagocytosis in four stages: entrapment of food particle, formation of food vacuole within cell, fusion of vacuole and lysosomes, digestion of food particle.

Detailed process of phagocytosis in four stages: entrapment of food particle, formation of food vacuole within cell, fusion of vacuole and lysosomes, digestion of food particle.

Cells of epithelial tissue: squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (boxy, as wide as it is tall), columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide), pseudostratified.

Cells of epithelial tissue: squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (boxy, as wide as it is tall), columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide), pseudostratified.

Dengue virus. Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever. It is a mosquito-borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus. Virion includes RNA strand, proteins and envelope.

Dengue virus. Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever. It is a mosquito-borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus. Virion includes RNA strand, proteins and envelope.

Genomic library. Stages of genomic library formation: developing of DNA fragments and their insertion into plasmids, plasmids introduction into bacteria.

Genomic library. Stages of genomic library formation: developing of DNA fragments and their insertion into plasmids, plasmids introduction into bacteria.

Cytokine storm. Hypercytokinemia during which the immune system causes a release of cytokines with help of macrophages, t helper cells, neutrophils.

Cytokine storm. Hypercytokinemia during which the immune system causes a release of cytokines with help of macrophages, t helper cells, neutrophils.

Detailed scheme of mucus-secreting goblet cell structure.

Detailed scheme of mucus-secreting goblet cell structure.

Adipose tissue expansion. Mechanisms of adipose tissue expansion: hypertrophic and hyperplasic adipose. Hypertrophic and hyperplasic fat cells in fat tissue.

Adipose tissue expansion. Mechanisms of adipose tissue expansion: hypertrophic and hyperplasic adipose. Hypertrophic and hyperplasic fat cells in fat tissue.

Osteoporosis stages. Disease develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decrease. Visualization includes healthy bone, osteoporosis, and severe osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis stages. Disease develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decrease. Visualization includes healthy bone, osteoporosis, and severe osteoporosis.

Symmetry variations of viral icosahedron capsid. Three types of icosahedron capsid: twofold, threefold, and fivefold symmetry.

Symmetry variations of viral icosahedron capsid. Three types of icosahedron capsid: twofold, threefold, and fivefold symmetry.

Cell membrane structure, that is represented by lipid bilayer and its phosphatidylcholine (a phospholipid), that is composed of polar hydrophilic “head” and nonpolar hydrophobic “tail.”

Cell membrane structure, that is represented by lipid bilayer and its phosphatidylcholine (a phospholipid), that is composed of polar hydrophilic “head” and nonpolar hydrophobic “tail.”

Three basic forms of cell death: apoptosis (chromosome condensation, nuclear fragmentation), autophagy (autophagosome formation), necrosis (membrane rupture, organelles swelling).

Three basic forms of cell death: apoptosis (chromosome condensation, nuclear fragmentation), autophagy (autophagosome formation), necrosis (membrane rupture, organelles swelling).

Growth forms of fungi. Various formations include aseptate and septate hypha, binary dividing and budding yeast cells, thallus, and plasmodia in plant tissue. Mycotic development.

Growth forms of fungi. Various formations include aseptate and septate hypha, binary dividing and budding yeast cells, thallus, and plasmodia in plant tissue. Mycotic development.

Lipid absorption. Fat globules absorption in the digestive system, emulsion and micelles formation, triglycerides compound, and further chylomicrons transportation into lymph capillary.

Lipid absorption. Fat globules absorption in the digestive system, emulsion and micelles formation, triglycerides compound, and further chylomicrons transportation into lymph capillary.

Cellular receptors of neurotropic viruses. Receptors used by common neurotropic viruses (zika virus, herpes, varicella zoster, rabies, polio) as an attachment factor to the cell membrane.

Cellular receptors of neurotropic viruses. Receptors used by common neurotropic viruses (zika virus, herpes, varicella zoster, rabies, polio) as an attachment factor to the cell membrane.

Hapten conjugation. Haptens are small molecules that elicit an immune response when attached to a large carrier (protein). Formation of immunogenic carrier proteins.

Hapten conjugation. Haptens are small molecules that elicit an immune response when attached to a large carrier (protein). Formation of immunogenic carrier proteins.

Cell dedifferentiation. Genes encoding three transcription regulators are artificially introduced into fibroblast nucleus, cell divides in culture (iPS cell), induced to de-differentiate.

Cell dedifferentiation. Genes encoding three transcription regulators are artificially introduced into fibroblast nucleus, cell divides in culture (iPS cell), induced to de-differentiate.

CAR-T cell therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (also known as CAR T cells) are T cells that have been genetically engineered to produce an artificial T cell receptor for use in immunotherapy

CAR-T cell therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (also known as CAR T cells) are T cells that have been genetically engineered to produce an artificial T cell receptor for use in immunotherapy

Varicella-Zoster virus (chickenpox, VZV). Detailed scheme of Varizella-Zoster virion, including DNA genome, nucleocapsid, and glycoprotein spikes. Viral infection in skin layer through nerve fiber.

Varicella-Zoster virus (chickenpox, VZV). Detailed scheme of Varizella-Zoster virion, including DNA genome, nucleocapsid, and glycoprotein spikes. Viral infection in skin layer through nerve fiber.

General concept of DNA structure. DNA nucleotids as bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine.

General concept of DNA structure. DNA nucleotids as bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine.

Detailed scheme of B cell activation. Mature B cell encounters antigen that binds to its B cell receptor and it becomes activated

Detailed scheme of B cell activation. Mature B cell encounters antigen that binds to its B cell receptor and it becomes activated

Anatomical scheme of human heart, blood flow directions

Anatomical scheme of human heart, blood flow directions

Variations of endocytosis: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis. Various types of endocytosis, uptake of matter through plasma membrane invagination and vacuole, vesicle formation

Variations of endocytosis: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis. Various types of endocytosis, uptake of matter through plasma membrane invagination and vacuole, vesicle formation

Retina structure. Retina cell organization including rods and cones, horizontal cells, retinal pigment epithelium, Muller and ganglion cell. Retina histology (human eye).

Retina structure. Retina cell organization including rods and cones, horizontal cells, retinal pigment epithelium, Muller and ganglion cell. Retina histology (human eye).

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